Textbook in PDF format

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to all major topics in digital signal processing (DSP). The book is designed to serve as a textbook for courses offered to undergraduate students enrolled in electrical, electronics, and communication engineering disciplines. The text is augmented with many illustrative examples for easy understanding of the topics covered. Every chapter contains several numerical problems with answers followed by question-and-answer type assignments. The detailed coverage and pedagogical tools make this an ideal textbook for students and researchers enrolled in electrical engineering and related programs.
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
About the Author
Representation of Discrete Signals and Systems
Introduction
Terminologies Related to Signals and Systems
Signal
System
Continuous and Discrete Time Signals
Basic Discrete Time Signals
The Unit Impulse Sequence
The Basic Unit Step Sequence
The Basic Unit Ramp Sequence
Unit Rectangular Sequence
Sinusoidal Sequence
Discrete Time Real Exponential Sequence
Basic Operations on Discrete Time Signals
Addition of Discrete Time Sequence
Multiplication of DT Signals
Amplitude Scaling of DT Signal
Time Scaling of DT Signal
Time Shifting of DT Signal
Multiple Transformation
Classification of Discrete Time Signals
Periodic and Non-periodic DT Signals
Odd and Even DT Signals
Energy and Power of DT Signals
Discrete Time System
Properties of Discrete Time System
Linear and Nonlinear Systems
Time Invariant and Time Varying DT Systems
Causal and Non-causal DT Systems
Stable and Unstable Systems
Static and Dynamic Systems
Invertible and Inverse Discrete Time Systems
Discrete and Fast Fourier Transforms (DFT and FFT)
Introduction
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
The Discrete Fourier Transform Pairs
Four-Point, Six-Point and Eight-Point Twiddle Factors
Zero Padding
Relationship of the DFT to Other Transforms
Relationship to the Fourier Series Coefficients of a Periodic Sequence
Relationship to the Fourier Transform of an Aperiodic Sequence
Relationship to the z-Transform
Properties of DFT
Periodicity
Linearity
Circular Shift and Circular Symmetric of a Sequence
Symmetry Properties of the DFT
Multiplication of Two DFTs and Circular Convolution
Time Reversal of a Sequence
Circular Time Shift of a Sequence
Circular Frequency Shift
Complex–Conjugate Properties
Circular Correlation
Multiplication of Two Sequences
Parseval's Theorem
Circular Convolution
Method of Performing Circular Convolution
Performing Linear Convolution Using DFT
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Radix- FFT Algorithm
Radix- FFT Algorithms
Computation of IDFT through FFT
Use of the FFT Algorithm in Linear Filtering and Correlation
In-Plane Computation
Design of IIR Digital Filters
Introduction
Advantages
Disadvantages
IIR and FIR Filters
Basic Features of IIR Filters
Performance Specifications
Impulse Invariance Transform Method
Relation Between Analog and Digital Filter Poles
Relation Between Analog and Digital Frequency
Bilinear Transformation Method
Relation Between Analog and Digital Filter Poles
Relation Between Analog and Digital Frequency
Effect of Warping on the Magnitude Response
Effect of Warping on the Phase Response
Specifications of the Lowpass Filter
Design of Lowpass Digital Butterworth Filter
Analog Butterworth Filter
Frequency Response of Butterworth Filter
Properties of Butterworth Filters
Design Procedure for Lowpass Digital Butterworth Filters
Design of Lowpass Digital Chebyshev Filter
Analog Chebyshev Filter
Determination of the Order of the Chebyshev Filter
Unnormalized Chebyshev Lowpass Filter Transfer Function
Frequency Response of Chebyshev Filter
Properties of Chebyshev Filter (Type I)
Design Procedures for Lowpass Digital Chebyshev IIR Filter
Frequency Transformation
Analog Frequency Transformation
Digital Frequency Transformation
IIR Filter Design by Approximation of Derivatives
Frequency Response from Transfer Function H(z)
Structure Realization of IIR System
Direct Form-I Structure
Direct Form-II Structure
Cascade Form Realization
Parallel Form Realization
Transposed Direct Form Realization
Transposition Theorem and Transposed Structure
Lattice Structure of IIR System
Conversion from Direct Form to Lattice Structure
Lattice–Ladder Structure
Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter Design
Introduction
LTI System as Frequency Selective Filters
Characteristic of Practical Frequency Selective Filters
Structures for Realization of the FIR Filter
Direct Form Realization
Cascade Form Realization
Linear Phase Realization
Lattice Structure of an FIR Filter
FIR Filters
Characteristics of FIR Filters with Linear Phase
Frequency Response of Linear Phase FIR Filter
Design Techniques for Linear Phase FIR Filters
Fourier Series Method of FIR Filter Design
Window Method
Frequency Sampling Method
Finite Word Length Effects
Introduction
Representation of Numbers in Digital System
Fixed Point Representation
Floating Point Representation
Methods of Quantization
Truncation
Rounding
Quantization of Input Data by Analog to Digital Converter
Output Noise Power Due to the Quantization Error Signal
Quantization of Filter Coefficients
Product Quantization Error
Limit Cycles in Recursive System
Zero-Input Limit Cycles
Overflow Limit Cycle Oscillation
Scaling to Prevent Overflow
Multi-rate Digital Signal Processing
Introduction
Advantages and Applications of Multi-rate Signal Processing
Downsampling (Decimator)
Upsampling (Interpolator)
Sampling Rate Conversion by Non-integer Factors Represented by Rational Number
Characteristics of Filter and Downsampler
Linearity and Time Invariancy of Decimator and Interpolator
Linearity of Decimator
Linearity of an Interpolator
Time Invariancy of a Decimator
Time Invariancy of an Interpolator
Spectrum of Downsampled Signal
Effect of Aliasing in Downsampling
Spectrum of Upsampling Signal
Anti-imaging Filter
Efficient Transversal Structure for Decimator
Efficient Transversal Structure for Interpolator
Identities
Polyphase Filter Structure of a Decimator
The Polyphase Decomposition
Polyphase Structure of a Decimator Using z-Transform
Polyphase Structure of an Interpolator
Polyphase Structure of an Interpolator Using z-Transform
Polyphase Decomposition of IIR Transfer Function
Cascading of Upsampler and Downsampler
Multi-stage Rating of Sampling Rate Conversion
Implementation of Narrow Band Lowpass Filter
Adaptive Filters
Concepts of Adaptive Filtering
Adaptive Noise Canceller
Main Components of the Adaptive Filter
Adaptive Algorithms
Index