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Machines may be classified according to various criteria. The most popular ones include classification according to energy criteria and according to intended use.
According to energy criteria, the machines are divided into:
drive machines (engines, motors) — machines producing mechanical energy at the expense of the different kind of energy; depending on the type of input energy, the motors can be divided into: electric motors, combustion engine, hydraulic motors, etc.,
working machines — machines collecting mechanical energy to perform a specific job.
According to intended use (function), the machines are divided into:
technological machines — machines used for the processing of raw materials or semi-finished products (change of shape, volume, physical and chemical properties, etc.) and manufacture in this manner the finished product or semi-finished product; these machines include: machine tools for various types of materials (metal, stone, wood, etc.), spinning and weaving machines, printing machines, processing machines e.g. mining, agricultural, forestry,
transport machines — machines used for changing position of solids, liquids and gases; these machines include: cars, railway vehicles, ships, aircrafts, conveyors, cranes, fans, blowers and pumps used for transport of fluids,
power machines — machines that produce other types of energy from the mechanical energy (e.g. electric generators, electrostatic machines, compressors and pumps used for producing fluid pressure energy) or machines that produce mechanical energy from other types of energy i.e. different types of engines.
In terms of structure, the machines are divided into assemblies and elements. An element (part) of the machine is made from one piece or several pieces of material joined in the inseparable manner (screw, bolt, shaft, bearing bush, gear, cover, etc.). An assembly consists of a certain number of elements, combined in order to perform specific task (transmission, clutch, break, etc.).
In the literature, you can stumble upon the attempts to extend the definition of machine to other devices, in particular those, in which energy in the mechanical form does not occur e.g. IT machines, testing and control devices, TV and radio receivers. However, so far no definition has been provided, which would correspond to this extended concept of machine and would not include other technical objects.
Process of the machine and device operation and maintenance.
Definition and classification of the machines.
Phases of the machine existence.
Actions in the phase of machine utilization and support.
Operational requirements that apply to the machines.
Changes in technical condition of machines.
Machine failure.
Technical state.
Wear processes.
Course and measures of wear.
Lubricants.
Basic functions and properties of the lubricating oils.
Classifications of engine oils.
Operational degradation processes of the lubricating oils on the example of an engine oil.
Gear oils.
Utilization and toxicity problems of the lubricating oils.
Plastic lubricants.
The basics of machine diagnostics.
Introduction.
Diagnostic signals.
Vibroacoustic diagnostics.
Thermal diagnostics.
Placing on the market or putting into service.
New approach to the harmonisation of technical regulations.
Obligations of the manufacturer.
Market surveillance.
Summary.
References